Publication Ethics (Author Responsibilities)

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their submitted manuscripts comply with publication ethics and academic publishing standards. Specifically, this includes the following aspects:

· Duplicate Submission:
Duplicate submission occurs when an author submits the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously. This practice can lead to the same article being published in multiple journals, which seriously compromises academic integrity.

· 2. Academic Misconduct:
Academic misconduct includes but is not limited to:

1. Fabricating or falsifying research data and results, and recording or reporting them as if they were real;

2. Forging or manipulating research materials, images, data, equipment, or experimental procedures.
These behaviors constitute serious violations of academic standards and undermine the authenticity and credibility of scientific research.

· Plagiarism:
Plagiarism is one of the most common forms of academic misconduct. It refers to the deliberate use of another person’s research findings, text, or ideas without permission, proper citation, or appropriate academic acknowledgment.

· Authorship:
In general, "authorship" should be limited to individuals who have made significant contributions to the research. Intentionally excluding individuals who contributed to the work, or including individuals who do not meet authorship criteria, is considered academic misconduct.

· 5. Conflict of Interest:
Authors must openly and transparently disclose any potential conflicts of interest related to their research, including but not limited to financial interests, academic commitments, or personal affiliations. This helps to maintain the fairness and credibility of the research.